Ukuze uxazulule kahle isekethe kagesi, kufanele wazi ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye kagesi kuyunithi kufanele isebenze kanjani futhi ukwazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwengxenye ngayinye. Amarekhodi kagesi, amaphrinti, izinhlelo, nezincwadi zabakhiqizi—okuhlanganiswe nolwazi lwakho nolwazi lwakho—kuzokusiza ukunquma ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze kanjani. Ngemva kokunquma izici zokusebenza ezilindelekile, sebenzisa amamitha kagesi ukuze uthole izici zokusebenza zamanje zesifunda.

Ezinye izimo futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa kwamandla, isici samandla, imvamisa, ukujikeleza kwesigaba, inductance, capacitance, kanye ne-impedance. Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa, phendula imibuzo emihlanu elandelayo:

● Ingabe isekethe ivuliwe noma ivaliwe?

● Sinjani isimo samafuse noma ama-breaker?

● Iyini imiphumela yokuhlolwa okubonakalayo?

● Ingabe kukhona ukunqanyulwa okungalungile?

● Ingabe imitha iyasebenza?

Amamitha nempahla yokuhlola, kanye namathuluzi okuphrinta, njengamalogi okusebenza nezinhlelo, konke kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlole futhi uxazulule izinkinga zikagesi. Amathuluzi okuxilonga ayisisekelo kanye nemishini yokuhlola i-voltmeter, i-ammeter, ne-ohmmeter. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yalawa mamitha ihlanganiswe ku-multimeter.

Ama-voltmeters

Sebenzisa i-voltmeter ukuhlola amandla kagesi enjini. Njengoba i-generator isebenza, inkinobho ivaliwe, kanye ne-voltmeter probes exhunywe ku-conductor yamanje kanye noxhumo lwe-conductor olungathathi hlangothi lwe-motor, i-voltmeter izobonisa amandla kagesi emotweni. Ukuhlolwa kwe-voltmeter kubonisa kuphela ukuba khona kwe-voltage. Ngeke kubonise ukuthi i-motor iyaphenduka noma ukuthi umsinga uyageleza.

Amamitha

I-clamp-on ammeter isetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-amperage kusekethe yemoto. Njengoba ijeneretha isebenza, iswishi ivaliwe, futhi imihlathi ye-ammeter iboshiwe eduze kwanoma yimuphi umthofu, i-ammeter izobonisa i-amperage draw, noma yamanje, esetshenziswa yisekethe. Ukuze uthole ukufundwa okunembile lapho usebenzisa i-ammeter yokubopha, qinisa imihlathi yemitha eduze kocingo olulodwa nje, noma umthofu, ngesikhathi, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi imihlathi ivaleke ngokuphelele.

Ama-ohmeters

I-ohmmeter ihlola ukumelana kwenjini. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlola kwe-ohmmeter, vula iswishi elawula injini, namathisela idivayisi efanelekile yokukhiya ngaphandle/ye-tagout, futhi uhlukanise injini kumjikelezo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ohmmeter kungakhomba isifunda esifushane noma esivulekile.

Izinsimbi Zokuhlola Ngokushesha

Amathuluzi kagesi amaningana akhethekile, asebenzayo, nangabizi ayatholakala ukuze asetshenziswe ekuxazululeni izinkinga zamasekhethi kagesi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amathuluzi okuhlola kagesi, qiniseka ukuthi athobela imithetho ye-OSHA yamanje.

Izinkomba zamandla kagesi zingamathuluzi ephaketheni afana nepeni asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhona be-voltage ye-AC engaphezu kuka-50 volts. Izinkomba zamandla kagesi ziwusizo uma ubheka amakhefu kuzintambo ze-AC. Uma ithiphu lepulasitiki lenkomba lisetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuxhumana noma eduze kwentambo ene-voltage ye-AC, ithiphu izokhanya noma ithuluzi lizokhipha umsindo otshiyozayo. Izinkomba zamandla kagesi azilinganisi i-voltage ye-AC ngokuqondile; abonisa amandla kagesi.

Izihlaziyi zesekethe zixhuma ezitsheni ezijwayelekile futhi zingasebenza njengesihloli se-voltage esiyisisekelo, okubonisa amandla kagesi atholakalayo. Lawa madivayisi e-plug-in avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuntuleka kwendawo, i-polarity ehlehlisiwe noma engathathi hlangothi, kanye nokwehla kwamandla kagesi. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukuhlola i-GFCI. Izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zalolu cingo zingaphinda zihlole ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi, izizathu ezingelona iqiniso, umthamo wamanje, ukuthintana, nobungozi bezokuphepha.

Izikena ze-infrared zisetshenziswa njalo ukuhlola izinkinga ezingaba khona zikagesi. Njengoba i-amperage idlula kudivayisi kagesi, ukushisa kukhiqizwa ngokulingana nokumelana okudaliwe. Iskena se-infrared sigqamisa umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinto futhi singahlelwa ukuze sibonise amazinga okushisa angempela. Uma noma iyiphi isekethe noma i-elementi ishisa kunezingxenye ezizungezile ngokushesha, leyo divayisi noma uxhumano luzovela njengendawo eshisayo kusikena. Noma yiziphi izindawo ezishisayo zingamakhandidethi okuhlaziya okwengeziwe noma ukuxazulula inkinga. Izinkinga ze-hot-spot ngokuvamile zingaxazululwa ngokulungisa i-torque ekuxhumekeni kukagesi okusolwayo ukuze ibe sezingeni elifanele noma ngokuhlanza nokuqinisa zonke izixhumi. Lezi zinqubo zingase futhi zilungise ukungalingani kwesigaba.

Ama-Circuit Tracers

I-circuit tracer iyisisetshenziswa okuthi, lapho sixhunywe kunoma iyiphi indawo efinyeleleka kumjikelezo, ingakwazi ukulandelela izintambo zesifunda esakhiweni—kuze kube sekungeneni kwenkonzo, uma kunesidingo. Ama-circuit tracer anezingxenye ezimbili:

●Ijeneretha yesignali:Inamathisela kuzintambo zesekhethi bese idala isignali yohlobo lwamagagasi omsakazo kuyo yonke isekethe.

●Umamukeli wesiginali:Ithola izintambo zesekhethi ngokuthola isignali yomsakazo ngezintambo.

Amarekhodi Kagesi, Amaphrinti, I-Schematics, kanye Nezincwadi Zabakhiqizi

Yize amanye ala mathuluzi elusizo, imibhalo ivamise ukufana noma ibaluleke kakhulu. Amarekhodi okuhlola namalogi okusebenza ahlanganisa ulwazi olufana nokudonsa kwe-amperage namazinga okushisa okusebenza nezingcindezi zezingxenye. Ushintsho kunoma iyiphi yalezi zinhlaka lungabonisa izinkinga ezingaba khona amandla kagesi. Uma kunenkinga esobala, amarekhodi okuhlola kanye namalogi okusebenza angakusiza uqhathanise ukusebenza kwamanje kwemishini nezimo zokusebenza ezivamile. Lesi siqhathaniso singakusiza ngokuqhubekayo ukukhomba izindawo ezinenkinga ethile.

Isibonelo, ukwenyuka kwe-amperage draw yokusebenza kwemoto eshayela iphampu kubonisa inkinga engaba khona. Uqaphela ushintsho oluvela kumdwebo ojwayelekile we-amperage, ungenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe, njengokuhlola izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwama-bearings. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinga lokushisa lama-bearings lingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, uhlobo oluthile lokulungisa lungase ludingeke futhi kufanele luhlelelwe. Ngaphandle kokubhekisela kumalogi okusebenza, ungase ungaziboni izinkinga ezinjalo. Lolu hlobo lokugada lungase lubangele ukuwohloka kwemishini.

Amaphrinti, imidwebo, nezinhlelo ziwusizo ekunqumeni indawo yemishini, ukuhlonza izingxenye zayo, kanye nokucacisa ukulandelana okufanele kokusebenza. Uzosebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokuphrinta nemidwebo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zikagesi nokulungisa.

●Amapulani "eyakhiwe" kanye nemidwebo kagesikhombisa indawo nosayizi wamadivayisi okulawula ukunikezwa kwamandla, njengamaswishi nama-circuit breaker, nendawo yezintambo nezintambo. Izinto eziningi zimelelwa yizimpawu ezijwayelekile. Izingxenye ezingajwayelekile noma ezingavamile ngokuvamile zikhonjwa emdwebeni noma kukhiye ohlukile wokudweba kagesi.

●Imidwebo yokufakaziyizithombe zemishini kagesi ewusizo ekutholeni izindawo zokuxhuma, izintambo, nezingxenye ezithile. Izimpawu zikagesi ezijwayelekile azidingeki, kodwa ezinye zingase zisetshenziselwe ukwenza lula.

●Amacebo, noma imidwebo yesitebhisi, imidwebo enemininingwane ebonisa indlela idivayisi esebenza ngayo ngogesi. Lezi zithembele kakhulu kuzimpawu ezijwayelekile futhi zinencazelo encane ebhaliwe.

Imibhalo yabakhi ingase ihlanganise ukufakwa nemidwebo yeskimu, kanye nemiyalelo namathebula achaza ukusebenza okuthile noma imingcele yokusebenza. Lonke lolu lwazi kufanele lutholakale kalula kuwe.